眼底病、眼与全身病The retina•The term retina derives from the Latin word rete, meaning "net.“•Two functions: to transduce information from an optical image into electrical signals to process certain features of the visual world from the photoreceptor signals and relay this information to the brain via the optic nerve视网膜的组织学结构及功能•神经上皮•色素上皮 --- vitamin A metabolism and regeneration --- phagocytosis and degradation of shed outer segment tips --- light absorption --- secretion of the matrix surrounding the photoreceptor inner and outer segments, ---active transport of materials视网膜的血液供应系统• 视网膜有独特的双重血液供应系统： 脉络膜血管--- 供应外层视网膜 视网膜血管--- 供应内层 视网膜 血- 视网膜屏障(Blood-retinal barrier)Inner barrierOuter barrier 正 常 眼 底 图视网膜的病理视 网 膜 异 常 血 管视 网 膜 出 血 视 网 膜 水 肿 视 网 膜 渗 出 视 网 膜 神 经 上 皮 与 色 素 上 皮 分 离视 网 膜 新生物 （肿 瘤) 视 网 膜 先 天 发 育 异 常思考题视网膜的组织结构，功能及血循环特点。临床常见的视网膜病理改变。视网膜血管病 Retinal Vascular Diseases 视 网 膜 静 脉 阻 塞 视 网 膜 动 脉 阻 塞 视 网 膜 血 管 瘤视网膜静脉阻塞Retinal vein occlusion, RVO 病 因：多因素致病。The precise etiology of retinal vein occlusion is not entirely clear. a ）血管壁的改变 b ）血液流变性改变 c ）血流动力学改变 d ）其他 Risk Factors for Retinal Vein OcclusionIncreased RiskSystemic hypertensionDiabetes mellitusIncreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (women only) History of glaucomaDecreased RiskIncreasing levels of physical activity Exogenous estrogens (women only) Increasing levels of alcohol consumption(Data from The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group: Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion. ）视网膜静脉阻塞Retinal vein occlusion,...
