肝脏疾病(THE LIVER)Chapter 1. 解剖生理(Anatomy and phisiology)• Gross anatomy肝门(hilus hepatis )• 第一肝门第二肝门第三肝门生理功能( phisiology )• Bile secretion• Metabolism• Coagulation• Metabolism of drug and toxins肝血流阻断技术(hepatic vascular occlusion)肝血流阻断技术已从传统的Pringle 阻断发展到选择性乃至高选择性肝血流阻断。包括半肝血流阻断、肝叶乃至肝段血流阻断。为实现无血切肝,亦有包含肝上、肝下下腔静脉的全肝血流阻断。肝血流阻断技术( 一)① 入肝血流阻断 非选择性:连续或者间断的 Pringle 技法 选择性: 半肝或者肝叶、肝段肝蒂的阻断 控制 CVP (<5 cm H2O)② 入肝和出肝血流阻断 全肝血流阻断 (THVE) (同时阻断下腔静脉) 保持下腔静脉通畅的全肝血流阻断③ 选择性全肝血流阻断 阻断荷瘤侧肝脏的入肝和出肝血流肝血流阻断技术( 二)Chapter 2. 肝脓肿(liver abscess)• 细菌性肝脓肿(bacterial liver abscess)• 1) 途径:the portal system• ascension from the biliary tree• the hepatic artery during generalized septicemia• a direct route following trauma临床表现(clinical manifestation)• Symptoms: • fever;• chills;• anorexia;• abdominal pain诊断` (DIAGNOSIS )• Differentiatiaon of ameblic liver abscess治疗(management)• Intravenous antibiotics• Effective drainage• percutaneous• open surgical methods• laparoscopicCHAPTER 3. NEOPLASMS OF THE LIVER• 原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer)• Etiology• Chronic liver disease• Hepatitis B or C Virus• Aflatoxins临床表现(Syptoms and Signs)• Upper abdominal pain• Weakness, weight loss• Abdominal mass• Obstuctive jaundice并发症• 肝昏迷(hepatic coma)• 上消化道出血(Hemorrhage of upper digestive tract )• 肝癌破裂出血(rupture)• 继发感染(Secondary infection )诊断(Diagnosis)• 定性诊断:AFP≥400ug/L• 定位诊断:B-US , 腹腔镜超声(LUS)• CT 可明确了解肝脏的形态以及各种病变尤其占位病变。螺旋CT 三维成像技术可清楚了解肝脏各大血管的形态、功能及与病变部位的关系• MRI• DSA• ...